Monday, August 24, 2020
H R Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
H R - Essay Example In this way, Job examiner, particular and choice of individuals become a significant part in the employing cycle. Moreover, these are presently transform into an essential phase of organization advancement and improvement. Over an over, employing become a vital examination where the general system (development, union, broadening, and so forth), key HR expected to accomplish technique and workforce qualities and practices expected of key HR are planed and talked about early. In this report, we will talk about the various phases of employing another staff ready and how to settle on the correct decision of getting the opportune individual ready. We will likewise take a gander at how key human asset chief could give helpful to the leading body of the board as to expand organization proficiency and gainfulness. From a supervisor angle, employing isn't just about finding a contender to sick in the activity opening, yet additionally about how to help organization to locate the best individual to join. Therefore, this is a procedure to expand group proficiency and henceforth become increasingly gainful and leads higher gainfulness. Truth be told, it is expensive to have an inappropriate individual in the activity and to need to supplant them. The basic factor in guaranteeing administrator makes the correct worker determination for recruiting or advancement or parallel move is the capacity to precisely foresee the social and delicate ability attack of the competitors with the activity and simultaneously, it is the line director job to think about the hard aptitudes required at work, that is work examiner and its another key arrangement for organizations to draw in potential ability individual to join the group (Youndt, 1996). The line chief should plainly recognize the sort of occupation obligation he requirements for the group and the kinds of individual he needs to fit in the job. Likewise, the capability of the up-and-comers and the wellspring of the candidates are additionally exceptionally basic dynamic procedure for line
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The Little Prince :: essays research papers
THE LITTLE PRINCE The Little Prince was one of the primary books that got me keen on perusing. I got it as a present from my mom when I was nine along with Jonathan Livingston Seagull. From that point forward, I have gotten it as blessing multiple times and read it in any event multiple times. After each perusing, I appear to leave away with various experiences from the book contingent upon what phase of my life I was in or what my circumstance was. It strikes me that this book, first distributed in quite a while, ageless certainties on various levels. It comes clean of affection, reality of point of view, and reality of youth guiltlessness, to give some examples. Of the considerable number of individuals who show us lifeââ¬â¢s meaning it isn't the Socrates or the Platos of the world that we find really contacting or moving. Rather, we locate that straightforward naã ¯ve individuals can offer us the most significant experiences into life due to this very straightforwardness. They offer us another point of view on things that we underestimate or things that we neglect to try and stop to take a gander at. The magnificence of a blossom or a fellowship can be barely noticeable except if it is exposed through the eyes of a youngster or character having similar characteristics of untainted perception that kids so frequently have. It is this guiltlessness and effortlessness that adheres to my psyche and that impacts me the most. It reminds me to return to fundamentals and to re-figure out how to unwind and to value the straightforward joys that life brings. Some of the time I get excessively got up to speed in ordinary real factors that I overlook what is extremely critical to me â⬠my loved ones. How frequently do we miss the message of affection that individuals send to us since we are excessively occupied? How often have we missed the signs that individuals around us are looking for urgently for a straightforward motion of adoration - a grin, a wave, a caring touch on the hands or bears or essentially a delicate look? I in some cases overlook how these straightforward signals can change or influence lives of individuals around me. I don't need to take myself out to help other people; I essentially need to show I give it a second thought. The Little Prince is a decent novel, in extraordinary part, since it has engaging characters.
Sunday, July 19, 2020
Book Riots Deals of the Day for December 9th, 2019
Book Riotâs Deals of the Day for December 9th, 2019 Sponsored by The Nightmare-Verse by L. L. McKinney and Fierce Reads. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while theyâre hot! Todays Featured Deals The Dragon Republic by R.F. Kuang for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Trauma Cleaner by Sarah Krasnostein for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Slayer by Kiersten White for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Chasing Down a Dream by Beverly Jenkins for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular DealS The Field Guide to the North American Teenager by Ben Philippe for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Ten Thousand Doors of January by Alix E. Harrow for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): I Believe in a Thing Called Love by Maurene Goo for $2.99. Im Telling the Truth, but Im Lying by Bassey Ikpi for $2.99. Upstream: Selected Essays by Mary Oliver for $4.99. Vita Nostra by Marina and Sergey Dyachenko, translated by Julia Meitov Hersey for $1.99 Opposite of Always by Justin A. Reynolds for $1.99 Signal to Noise by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $0.99 Six Wakes by Mur Lafferty for $2.99 All About Love: New Visions by bell hooks for $1.99 How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe by Charles Yu for $2.99 News of the World by Paulette Jiles for $2.99 A Very Large Expanse of Sea by Tahereh Mafi for $1.99 A Woman is No Man by Etaf Rum for $2.99 Dont Call Us Dead by Danez Smith for $2.99 Wild Beauty by Anna-Marie McLemore for $2.99 The Wife Between Us by Greer Hendricks and Sarah Pekkanen for $2.99 The Magicians Assistant by Ann Patchett for $2.99 The Gilded Wolves by Roshani Chokshi for $2.99 The Child Finder by Rene Denfeld for $2.99 Cork Dork by Bianca Bosker for $1.99 Florida by Lauren Groff for $4.99 The Prey of Gods by Nicky Drayden for $1.99 Like a Love Story by Abdi Nazemian for $1.99 We Hunt the Flame by Hafsah Faizal for $2.99 A Discovery of Witches by Deborah Harkness for $1.99 Im Your Man: The Life of Leonard Cohen by Sylvie Simmons for $1.99 Fatality in F (A Gethsemane Brown Mystery Book 4) by Alexia Gordon for $4.99 The Shadowglass (The Bone Witch Book 3) by Rin Chupeco for $2.99 Magic Hour: A Novel by Kristin Hannah for $2.99 Reckless by Selena Montgomery for $3.99 New Kid by Jerry Craft for $2.99 Feel Free by Zadie Smith for $3.99 Fruit of the Drunken Tree by Ingrid Rojas Contreras for $4.99 Black Water Rising by Attica Locke for $1.99 The Heart Forger (The Bone Witch Book 2) by Rin Chupeco for $1.99 The Bone Witch by Rin Chupeco for $0.99 Revelation Space by Alastair Reynolds for $2.99 The Ensemble: A Novel by Aja Gabel for $4.99 The Female Persuasion: A Novel by Meg Wolitzer for $1.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Brown Girl in the Ring by Nalo Hopkinson for $5.99 Ark by Veronica Roth for $1.99 Ten Women by Marcela Serrano for $3.99 Flights by Olga Tokarczuk for $4.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Ormeshadow by Priya Sharma for $3.99 Sisters of the Vast Black by Lina Rather for $3.99 Prophecy by Ellen Oh for $2.99 Along for the Ride by Mimi Grace for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
An Overview of Leadership Style Essay - 1356 Words
An overview of leadership style It is impossible to pinpoint precisely the time when interest in leadership styles emerged. However a set of experiments conducted by 3 social scientist in 1938 is a good time to begin. Kurt Lewin, Ronald Leppit, and Robert White used groups of children to study different approaches to exercising control. Their classic study identified three types of control: autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire. These three types of control came to be known as leadership styles. Lewin, Leppit, and White were cautious in the conclusions the drew from this study. They noted that autocratic leadership does get results and is preferred over democratic leadership. However they observed that autocratic leadership can createâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The major idea to get from figure, or any other classification of leadership styles, is that each style can lead to different behavioral consequences. There are no implications in this figure that styles at the left and of the continuum are ââ¬Å"betterâ⬠than styles at the right end. The best styles depend on the criteria used to judge ââ¬Å"bestâ⬠. If group productivity is the criterion, any of the styles could be effective. If optimizing group freedom is the criterion, styles at the right end are better than styles at the left. If quickness in decision making is the criterion, styles that maximize leader authority usually are best. Thus, the value of leadership style must be evaluated in terms and de sired outcomes. Another important point can be seen in the figure. A leaderââ¬â¢s behavior at anyone time falls somewhere on the continuum or within some range on it. This range may represent behavior that comesâ⬠naturallyâ⬠to the leader. Even thought leaders may know that another type of behavior would be more appropriate, it does not follow that they simply can change their style behavior. Leaders acquire particular styles as a result of experience and training. They learn that their styles work for them for some occasions and do not work on others. Nevertheless, their styles are familiar to them, and they cannot be changed easily. In theory, the most appropriate leadership style is the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Teacher Leadership Compensation Model Essay1245 Words à |à 5 Pageseducational leadership, including general theoretical concepts of effective leaders, trends in educational leadership, effective personal leadership traits of school leaders, and the Iowa Teacher Leadership Compensation model. First, this review provides a foundation by examining theoretical concepts in general leadership theories. It focuses on historical trends in general leadership as we as general personal leadership traits of effective leaders. Next, this review provides an overview of educationalRead MoreAn Analysis Of Servant Leadership Style1198 Words à |à 5 PagesAn Analysis of Servant Leadership Business leaders operate in complex environments. Driving organizational effectiveness in the short term while leading the company towards the long-term strategy requires continual evaluation of short-term decisions against potential tradeoffs against the long-term strategy. While the top organizational decision makers typically decide long-term strategy; implementation of the strategy occurs throughout the entire organization (Rush, 2012). Given this, ensuringRead MoreLeadership Models And Organizational Culture852 Words à |à 4 PagesLeadership Models Organizational Culture Cornelius Cash Grand Canyon University LDR804-Leading across Cultures September 7, 2016 Ethical Leadership Models Leaders that demonstrate a commitment to behaving in an ethical manner are viewed as trustworthy and subordinates gravitate toward them. Ethical leaders have a solid foundational belief in honesty and trustworthiness and disseminate these principles throughout the organization. This paper will present ethical leadership models asRead MoreSummary of My Leadership Style Essay1151 Words à |à 5 PagesSummary of my leadership style Reflective practice is the best way for educators to search for ever-improved ways to facilitate student learning. Reflective practice also incorporates the belief that much resistance to change is rooted in the unexamined assumptions that shape habit. To create change, then, we must examine current practice carefully and develop a conscious awareness of these basic assumptions (Karen, 1991, Oesterman Kottkamp, 1993; Schà ¶n).Thus you must use reflective practicesRead MoreEffective Organizational Leadership during Downsizing1244 Words à |à 5 PagesEffective Organizational Leadership during Times of Downsizing Introduction The past several decades have seen waves of downsizing, restructuring and business reengineering as companies of all sizes and types struggle to remain competitive in an increasingly competitive and globalized marketplace. During downsizing initiatives, companies not only lose the tacit knowledge of the terminated employees, they also run the risk of demoralizing the remaining staff who will naturally wonder if theyRead MoreThe Leader And Work Environment At The Crested Butte Community School1364 Words à |à 6 Pagesleader exercising power carefully in the context of a specific situation. This essay will analyze the leader and work environment at the Crested Butte Community School and will map out the playing field for power and politics with this organization. Overview: The principal of this school oversees a staff of 150 teachers, instructors, educational coaches and administrative support from diverse backgrounds. Most major decisions are made at the district level. These include number of school days, breaksRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Essay Is To Identify And Explain Key1314 Words à |à 6 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to identify and explain key learning overview and action plan paper will summarize what you have learned in this course and provide a power and politics action plan that you can use immediately in your business. Furthermore, it is the intention to highlight leadership style, organization stability, culture, and diversity of the workforce as well as identify the need for communication within an organization. The individual factors contributing to the political behaviorRead MoreThe Concept Of Multiculturalism And Diversity As An Agent Of Change1287 Words à |à 6 Pagesof multiculturalism and diversity as an agent of change. To begin, this paper provides an overview of community building practices as stated by Kouzes Posner (2012). It identifies three different culture outside my country. Along the way, the paper uses contingency theory to identify a contemporary leader who has worked in a global context. Also, it provides an example of a cultural diverse. An overview of community building practices as stated in Kouzes and Posner Kouzes and Posner (2012) stateRead MorePersonal Leadership Philosophy Of Leadership929 Words à |à 4 PagesI believe a personal leadership philosophy is developed through experiences as both a follower and a leader. Leadership skills are gained in many ways such as learning from the successful methods and mistakes of others, constructive criticism from followers and leader colleagues alike and remaining current in leadership literature. I have developed my theory based on personal encounters with positive and negative leadership experiences which include leading by example, listening and adapting to yourRead MoreLeadership Styles And Leadership Theories993 Words à |à 4 Pagesregards to the other two leadership styles, I scored next highest in the delegate category and the least amount in the authoritative category. In this paper I will give a comprehensive overview of leadership styles and leadership management theories and how they relate to my style. Lastly, I will discuss my type of work environment, and three key actions or behaviors that I must demonstrate to be a successful leader. Alignment with management and leadership theories Leadership theories include trait
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Factors Affecting Firm s Foreign Exchange Risk Hedging...
Factors Affecting Firmââ¬â¢s Foreign Exchange Risk Hedging Policy Abstract Mostly foreign currency derivatives are used for hedging foreign exchange rate risk caused by exchange rate adverse fluctuation. This study is aimed to determine different factors that affect the foreign currency derivatives usage. Secondary data of 112 non financial firms, taken from their annual reports and balance sheet analysis issued by State Bank of Pakistan, is used for analysis for the period 2008 to 2013. Mann Whitney U test was used to check differences in characteristics of foreign currency derivatives users and non-users. Results show that users of the foreign currency were categorized as to be those firms having higher liquidity, lower growth options, larger in size, lower leverage, higher managerial ownership, lower profitability and higher foreign exposure as compared to the non users of foreign currency derivatives. Logit regression model was used to investigate different factors affecting firmââ¬â¢s derivatives usage for hedging its foreign exchange risk. Results of the logit model illustrate that there is significantly positive relationship between firm size, liquidity, foreign exposure and managerial ownership. The results also show that corporations with higher liquidity, larger size, and larger managerial ownership are more likely to use foreign currency derivatives usage for hedging. Further results illustrate negative significant relationship between growth opportunities, leverageShow MoreRelatedForeign Exchange Exposure And Toyota2063 Words à |à 9 PagesGERALD FERNANDO LAUAN 2013059085 VICTORIA 2013059087 Foreign Exchange Exposure and Toyota Globalization has allowed the integration of national economies into the international market, giving easier access to information, goods and services through trade around the world. The process has bolstered an increasing number of multinational companies in order to respond to competitiveness brought by globalization. A multinational company is either a company with operating units or subsidiaries in twoRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Finance Crisis On Brazil3361 Words à |à 14 PagesFinance Crisis 2008-2009 on Brazil?s Economy While researching text written on the effects of global financial crisis 2008-2009 on Brazil?s economy, I found some financial analysts that had published documentations in reference to the impact on the Brazilian economy. These authors discussed in research papers, financial journals, newspapers, pamphlets, and brochures on how Brazil?s state and local-owned banks, international banks and its government and monetary policies reactions to the global financialRead MorePdf, Doc7196 Words à |à 29 Pages129-146 EXCHANGE RATE RISK MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT: ISSUES AND APPROACHES FOR FIRMS MICHAEL G. PAPAIOANNOU, Ph.D. International Monetary Fund Abstract Measuring and managing exchange rate risk exposure is important for reducing a ï ¬ rmââ¬â¢s vulnerabilities from major exchange rate movements, which could adversely aï ¬â¬ect proï ¬ t margins and the value of assets. This paper reviews the traditional types of exchange rate risk faced by ï ¬ rms, namely transaction, translation and economic risks, presentsRead MoreResearch on Foreign Exchange Risk Management13065 Words à |à 53 PagesResearch Paper On Foreign Exchange Risk Management Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement Of Masters of Business Administration Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 CHAPTER 1: PLANRead MoreForeign Exchange Risk Management14141 Words à |à 57 PagesREVIEW 1 The survey of foreign currency risk awareness and management practices in Tanzania REVIEW OF LITERATURE Foreign exchange risk management Foreign currency exchange risk is the additional riskiness or varience of a firmââ¬â¢s cash flows that may be attributed to currency fluctuations (Giddy, 1977, Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2005). Normally, foreign currency risk exists in three forms; translation, transaction and economic exposures. Foreign currency risk management involves taking decisionsRead MoreHedging Currency Exposures in a Multinational Corporation26743 Words à |à 107 PagesMASTERââ¬â¢S THESIS Financial theory offers several rationales for financial risk management. Hedging enables firms to maintain their access to internal funds as well as reduces the costs of financial distress. The theoretical framework offers, however, few tools for currency risk identification and for choosing a proper hedging instrument. This Thesis seeks to help firms manage risks better by defining the currency risk exposures of a multinational corporation, by describing their effects on theRead MoreExecutive Summary : Austral Pvt. Ltd Contracts With Import And Export Industry2528 Words à |à 11 Pagesproduct in various part of globe. Dairy, fish, meat and seafood product are the product they trade with. The firm would have the greatest competitor risk in import and export business is the duplication and quality of goods. These competitors company advantage of the lower cost of expenses such as materials, Inventories and labour cost to produce the product to the same consumer market. Natural ris ks if they mentioned, then earthquakes, floods, landslides and storms were decrease consumer, delay the transportationRead MoreEnvironment For Fdi : An Ambitious Campaign1162 Words à |à 5 Pageshundred smart cities in India (Kaur, J. 2016). The policies of the campaign are as follows: ï ¶ New Initiatives: This policy strives to improve the ease of doing business in India by doing away with opaque procedures and also tries to speed up the process of implementation of protocols. The government has already implemented the availability of obtaining environmental clearances online, which would be invaluable to an energy firm (Kaur, J. 2016). ï ¶ FDI: Out of the 25 sectors that the governmentRead MoreRunning Your Own Mnc4433 Words à |à 18 PagesContents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 CHAPTER 1: COMPANY PROFILE 3 CHAPTER 2: ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY FACTORS 5 Factors Affecting Balance of Trade between United States and Maldives 5 Import Controls in Maldives 7 CHAPTER 3: USING THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET 8 The Spot Market 8 Analysis of USD/MVR Cross Rate for the Last 1 Month, 3 Months and Last Year 9 CHAPTER 4: USE OF FORWARDS AND FUTURES MARKET 11 Analysis of Future Price Vs Spot Rate 12 CHAPTER 5: USING CURRENCY OPTIONS 13 CHAPTERRead MoreInternational Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 8th Edition Charles W. L. 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Steps To Reduce Greenhouse Gases Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays
string(125) " scope of fuels which are in some manner derived from biomass and screens solid biomass, liquid fuels and assorted biogases\." 1. Fossil fuels have been the primary beginning of energy fuelling the planetary demands of power since long. Dependence on them chiefly stems from the fact that they are easy available, inexpensive and economical in transit every bit good as extraction. We will write a custom essay sample on Steps To Reduce Greenhouse Gases Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coal, Oil, Natural Gas have all been used since long and even been exported/imported between states keeping a balanced demand and supply. So much so that the usage of fossil fuels has been in trend for such long times that most of our engineering and equipment using them as fuels are designed consequently. The biggest drawback of our dependance on fossil fuels is the release of CO2 into the ambiance thereby taking to planetary heating as besides the fact that it is a non-renewable beginning and will sooner or subsequently exhaust taking to a nothingness. Effectss of Fossil Fuel on Environment Renewable Energy Resources 3. In contrary to fossil fuels, renewable energies are reversible in nature and can invariably be replenished without the fright of being drained out of our environment. Wind, Solar, Hydro A ; such like signifiers of renewable energy will maintain on supplying electricity without any idea of them being blown off from our planet. Such energies which can travel on to maintain bring forthing electricity without cut downing beginning energy itself are renewable energy. Wind Energy 4. Wind engineering has become really dependable, runing with handinesss of more than 98 % and holding a design life of 20 old ages or more. Furthermore, as the costs of air current turbines have steadily declined, proficient dependability has increased. The factors that presently limit wind energy ââ¬Ës market incursion include variableness, public credence and grid dependability. However, recent developments in electricity market reform, which promote better grid integrating and improved direction of natural rhythms of renewables, decrease the technological barriers that have constrained market incursion. In the country of air current energy, continued R A ; D is indispensable to supply the necessary decreases in cost and uncertainness to gain the awaited degree of deployment. Other R A ; D precedences include increasing the value of calculating power public presentation, cut downing uncertainnesss related to technology unity, betterment and proof of criterions, cut downing th e cost of storage techniques, enabling large-scale usage, and understating environmental impacts. Further enlargement of air current power will advance important decreases in nursery gases. With farther deployment support, wind power may go by and large competitory with conventional engineerings by 2015-20 and off-shore air current will probably go competitory to a grade after that. Solar 5. Solar energy is already being widely used in certain states, whether it be for hot H2O production, warming, illuming and other power demands. The photovoltaic ( PV ) market has grown extensively since 1992. R A ; D attempts, together with market deployment policies, have efficaciously produced impressive cost decreases nevertheless market deployment is concentrated with Japan, Germany and the United States accounting for over 85 % of entire installed capacity. However, PV still has a batch of range for R A ; D with focal point on bettering the balance-of-system constituents for both grid connected and stand-alone applications. Even with these supports, PV is non expected to be by and large competitory until after 2020 ââ¬â although it will go on to vie good in a turning scope of market niches in which the cost of deployment supports is moderate. Hydro 6. One of the biggest advantages of a hydroelectric composite is that the undertaking produces no direct waste, and has a well lower end product degree of the nursery gas, C dioxide ( CO2 ) , than fossil fuel powered energy workss. Worldwide, an installed capacity of 777 GWe supplied 2998 TWh of hydroelectricity in 2006 which was about 20 % of the universe ââ¬Ës electricity, and accounted for about 88 % of electricity from renewable beginnings. It is an highly flexible engineering from the position of power grid operation supplying one of the lowest cost options in today ââ¬Ës energy market, chiefly because most workss were built many old ages ago and their installation costs have been to the full amortised. Once the high up-front capital costs are written off, workss can supply power at even lower cost degrees, as such systems normally operate without major replacing costs for 50 old ages or more. The ground why globally merely approximately 5 % of the hydropower potency have been exploited through little graduated table sites is due to entree to transmittal systems, environmental and societal concerns. Biomass 7. Biomass stuffs have been used since millenary for run intoing countless human needs including energy with its chief beginnings being trees, harvests and carnal waste. Until the center of 19th century, biomass dominated the planetary energy supply with 70 % part. Soon, the biomass beginnings contribute 14 % of planetary energy and 38 % of energy in developing states. Globally, the energy content of biomass residues in agribusiness based industries yearly is estimated at 56 exajoules, about a one-fourth of planetary primary energy usage of 230 exajoules. Biomass burning for heat and power is a to the full mature engineering offering both an economic fuel option and a ready disposal mechanism of municipal, agricultural and industrial organic wastes. 8. However, the industry has remained comparatively dead over the last decennary, even though demand for biomass ( largely wood ) continues to turn in many developing states. One of the jobs of biomass is that stuff straight combusted in cook ranges produces pollutants, taking to terrible wellness and environmental effects, although improved cook range programmes are relieving some of these effects. A 2nd issue is that firing biomass emits CO2, even though biomass burning is by and large considered to be ââ¬Å" carbon-neutral â⬠because C is absorbed by works stuff during its growing, therefore making a C rhythm. First-generation biomass engineerings can be economically competitory, but may still necessitate deployment support to get the better of public credence and small-scale issues. Biofuels 9. Biofuels are a broad scope of fuels which are in some manner derived from biomass and screens solid biomass, liquid fuels and assorted biogases. You read "Steps To Reduce Greenhouse Gases Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" They are deriving increased public and scientific attending, driven by factors such as oil monetary value spikes, the demand for increased energy security, and concern over nursery gas emanations from fossil fuels. Bioethanol is an intoxicant made by fermenting the sugar constituents of works stuffs and is made largely from sugar and amylum harvests. Biofuels provided 1.8 % of the universe ââ¬Ës conveyance fuel in 2008 while investing into its production capacity exceeded $ 4 billion worldwide in 2007 and is growing.More modern signifiers of bio energy include biomass-based power and heat coevals, co-firing, bio fuels for conveyance and short rotary motion harvests for energy feedstock. These are more advanced and each has its ain alon e benefits. 10. Biomass is attractive for usage either as a stand-alone fuel or in fuel blends, such as co-firing wood with coal, or blending ethyl alcohol or biodiesel with conventional petroleum-based fuels. Anaerobic digestion has strong potency in states with ample resources. Electricity generated from biomass is based on steam turbine engineering. Many parts of the universe still have big untapped supplies of biomass residues, which could be converted into competitively priced electricity utilizing steam turbine power workss. Co-firing is a low-priced and low-risk manner of adding biomass capacity. Co-firing systems that use low-priced biomass supply can hold payback periods every bit abruptly as two old ages. 11. In add-on, biomass can replace up to 15 % of the entire energy input in a power works, frequently with few alterations other than the burner and feed consumption systems. Co-firing is of peculiar involvement in developing states, because it improves the economic and ecological quality of many older, coal fired power workss. Bio fuels from agricultural biomass production are another well-developed transition engineering. Biomass grown every bit dedicated energy harvests can supply new economic chances for husbandmans and forest proprietors. The primary barriers to increased usage of biomass on a larger graduated table are the cost of systems required for dedicated feedstock production, harvest home, and transit, every bit good as the fuel transition engineerings. With farther R A ; D and deployment support in 2020-30, these engineerings could accomplish commercialization. Geothermal 12. Geothermal energy is a clean and sustainable energy that comes from resources runing from shallow land to hot H2O and hot stone found a few stat mis beneath the Earth ââ¬Ës surface, and down even deeper to the highly high temperatures of molten stone called magma. Geothermal heat pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool edifices. These power workss are capable of runing 24Ãâ"7 and globally there is a possible for bring forthing about 85 GW of power over the following 30 old ages. However, the restriction to tapping this resource is the handiness which is limited to merely few countries of the universe, the largest being the United States, Central America, Indonesia, East Africa and the Philippines. Challenges to spread outing geothermic energy include really long undertaking development times, and the hazard and cost of explorative boring. Action Plan to Reduce Dependence on Fossil Fuel 13. Solar Energy. This beginning is seen to hold the highest potency for the hereafter amongst assorted renewable energy beginnings. Some steps for working this rich resource are: ââ¬â ( a ) Make solar warmers compulsory, through edifice byelaws and incorporation in the National Building Code. ( B ) Ensure the debut of effectual mechanisms for enfranchisement and evaluation of makers of solar thermal applications ( degree Celsius ) Facilitate measuring and publicity of these single devices through local bureaus and power public-service corporations. ( vitamin D ) Support the upgrading of engineerings and fabrication capacities through soft loans, to accomplish higher efficiencies and farther cost decrease. ( vitamin E ) Make installing of solar panels on the roofs of new edifices compulsory to obtain portion of the power demands through it. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Set up autochthonal fabrication capacity. ( g ) Promote off-grid applications so that power coevals is at the ingestion point itself and therefore does away with land and environment related concerns. 14. Wind. Although all sectors of renewable energy are being developed, weave power programme has been the fastest growth. The undermentioned enterprises will help in to the full working the air current potency: ââ¬â ( a ) Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) supply a farther inducement to weave energy development. ( B ) A consistent national renewable energy policy to to the full recognize the air current energy potency. ( degree Celsius ) Though Renewable Portfolio Standard ( RPS ) and FiT ( Feed in Tariffs ) can co-exist in theory, they need to be good managed to avoid inefficiencies. ( vitamin D ) Set up air current farms at off shore locations and along the seashore line. ( vitamin E ) Promote R A ; D in this field with investings from developed states to help companies like Suzlon who are already planetary leaders. 15. Hydroelectricity. Harnessing H2O as a resource to bring forth power has been employed globally and a reasonably high grade of success has been achieved, nevertheless the undermentioned enterprises will impart farther impulse to the attempts: ââ¬â ( a ) Undertake little micro hydel undertakings for rural electrification tapping into minor H2O resources at distant topographic points. ( B ) Streamline clearance processs, to include understating the clip rhythm for countenances of undertakings with particular accent on hastening environmental clearances, as besides on rehabilitation and relocation issues. ( vitamin D ) Though the populace sector has played a major and about sole function in developing hydropower in private owned independent power manufacturer ( IPP ) manner is still to catch on. The chief intent should be to bring forth assurance in prospective entrepreneurs/developers and offer footings and conditions, which will be attractive and cover undue hazards, without endangering consumer involvements. 16. However, on the whole to make maximal possible and hike the necessary investing in renewable energy, it is indispensable to present clear, stable and long-run support policies, carefully designed to guarantee that they operate in harmoniousness with bing apparatus. How to cite Steps To Reduce Greenhouse Gases Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples
Sunday, April 26, 2020
Science and Math Is More Important free essay sample
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. (250-300 words) ESSAY History, literature, science and mathematics are all classic and very important subject in their own sense. No subject can be given more or less importance in life. However, in my opinion, studying science and mathematics are more important than studying history and literature. Firstly, science and mathematics are essential to most subjects. In other words, No matter which subject you want to learn, economics, finance or mechanics, you must have sufficient science and mathematics knowledge to understand it. For example, if person after studying science in secondary school, it is still possible to change lanes towards law at university, but if one only does the art subjects in school, one has no possibility of becoming an engineer later. We will write a custom essay sample on Science and Math Is More Important or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My second reason is, studying science contributes abundantly to the human life. What Iââ¬â¢m trying to say is, without science or mathematics, there wonââ¬â¢t be any technology, which we will still be in our prehistoric days without it. Electricity is a typical example. How will we survive if the magical power vanished? Not only itââ¬â¢s used for lighting but to make most machines work. We need electricity like we need air to breathe.Although Shakespeare or Charles Dickensââ¬â¢s work are all very fascinating, but so are Newtonââ¬â¢s laws of gravity and movement. And actually, without the creation of paper or pen, which is science, William Shakespeare wouldnââ¬â¢t exist. In conclusion, it is clear that the importance of science and mathematics have to be learnt is much more than studying history and literature. Science and mathematics should be the two most necessary and impotent subjects in our modern life.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Masters of Their Domain essays
Masters of Their Domain essays The similarities between The Eagle, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and Hawk Roosting, by Ted Hughes, are far more prominent than the differences. There is one glaring contradiction between the two poems. The hawk is an accomplished killer whereas the eagle is just perched ready for dinner only to kill when he has to. Both masters of their domain, perched in areas of high surveillance, these two very similar birds are portrayed as opposites by the authors. The eagle is a laid back, silent leader who is on top of his kingdom. He is defiantly an aged leader in that the poem talks of his crooked hands, also using words like, Ringed, and wrinkled, in describing him. I also noticed, which I believe is the biggest difference, the leadership qualities shown by each bird. The Eagle, is a silent, lead-by-example, kind of leader. He just sits on his high perch, watching and waiting, for the next bit of prey to invade his territory. Even in that, prey is not his big worry, he is just taking in his surroundings beauty. The azure world, wrinkled sea beneath, and mountain walls, are just a few glimpses into his world that the author gives us to picture. On the other hand, the hawk comes across as more of an outspoken, dictator type leader. He has to kill often to show his power, where the first, as I have stated, shows his power in different ways. In describing the hawk, the author says more of his killing and ways of killing, to describe him. Rehearse perfect kills and eat, and, My manners are tearing off heads, are just a few of the examples used. Another characteristic that jumps out at you about the hawk is the way he describes his surroundings or territory. Now I hold creation in my foot, and I kill where I please because it is all mine, are the tw ...
Monday, March 2, 2020
French Rhythm - Le Rythme
French Rhythm - Le Rythme Youve probably noticed, or at least heard others say, that the French language is very musical. The reason for this is that in French there are no stress marks on words: all syllables are pronounced at the same intensity (volume). In addition, many final consonants are liaised or enchaà ®nà ©s onto the next word. The lack of stress marks combined with liaisons and enchaà ®nements are what give French its rhythm: all of the words flow together like music. In contrast, English words each have a stressed syllable, which makes English sound comparatively choppy or staccato. (Im speaking purely from a linguistic point of view - this is not a judgment about which language sounds prettier.)Instead of stressed and unstressed syllables, French sentences are divided into rhythmic groups (groupes rythmiques or mots phonà ©tiques). A rhythmic group is a group of syntactically-related words in a sentence.* There are three basic kinds: Nominal (noun) groupsVerbal groupsPrepositional groups *Note that since the individual words within rhythmic groups are syntactically related, they are usually subject to required liaisons.The last syllable of each rhythmic group is accentuated in two ways. Intonationà Intonation refers to the pitch of someones voice. The last syllable of each rhythmic group inside the sentence is pronounced at a higher pitch than the rest of the sentence, while the final rhythmic groups final syllable is pronounced at a lower pitch. The only exceptions to this areà questions: in this case, the last rhythmic groups final syllable is also at a high pitch. Tonic accent The French tonic accent is a slight elongation of the final syllable in each rhythmic group. Rhythmic groups normally have up to 7 syllables, but this varies according to how quickly they are being spoken. If a sentence is spoken very quickly, some of the shorter rhythmic groups may be joined together. For example, Allez-vous au thà ©Ã ¢treà ? is short enough that you might choose to pronounce it as a single rhythmic group rather than Allez-vousà | au thà ©Ã ¢treà ?The following chart shows how rhythmic groups fit together. Click on the Listen links to hear each sentence pronounced at two different speeds. Due to the (lack of) quality of internet sound, I exaggerated the accentuation in the slow version. Please remember that this is just a guide to help you better understand rhythm and improve your French listening and speaking skills.à Nominal group Verbal group Prepositional Listen David et Luc | veulent vivre | au Mexique. slow normal Mon mari tienne | est prof danglais | Casablanca. slow normal Un tudiant | est arriv. slow normal Nous parlons | dun film. slow normal Allez-vous | au thtre ? slow normal
Saturday, February 15, 2020
Saudi ARAMCO Compensation Scheme Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Saudi ARAMCO Compensation Scheme - Assignment Example Given that the company operates in over 200 nations across the globe, it is faced with the need to make a choice of whether to globally standardize their products and thus benefit from economies of scale operation (Bell 12). It is also faced with the need to adapt their products to a specific market segment or adopt integrated approaches that simultaneously make use of both approaches. Much literature has been produce regarding the external and uncontrollable factors that may impact on the companyââ¬â¢s strategic positioning. This study is meant to look at the internal variables and the externalities in order to derive the ââ¬Å"best fitâ⬠tactical and strategic approach. The paper seeks to illustrate how the companyââ¬â¢s tactics and international strategy harmoniously work after a deep consideration of the external forces existing in the global market. Organizational and strategic effectiveness are very vital for the success of any business organization, although they are very different. According to Bell (57-9), strategic positioning is unique in the sense that it seeks to integrate both organizational and strategic effectiveness in a manner that serves to differentiate a business organization in the market place and thus drive success. When looking at a product strategy, management in a borderless world does not necessarily mean managing by the ave rages. It does not also mean that to make a product appealing to the customers means removing the localization of the product. It rather means setting the stage for the management of the product to thrive locally and internationally. The company sells non-alcoholic beverages and it currently operates in more than 200 countries globally. The company is famous for its innovative soft drink, ââ¬Å"Coca-Colaâ⬠although it can presently boast of over 230 brands. It employs almost 30,000 people across the world. It is noted that 80% of the companyââ¬â¢s profit and 70% of its
Sunday, February 2, 2020
New Venture Creation Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
New Venture Creation Project - Essay Example This is because it influences the manner in which they interact with their peers, and the manner in which they conduct their business operations. For instance, the current century is shaped by the emergence of the social media. People look for friends and associations in sights such as facebook, web2.0, and twitter (Pakroo and Marcia, 20). A large percentage of people access these sights by using the computers. Business men on the other hand peruse through the internet in search of information concerning their business activities (Murthy, 23). Murthy (25) further denotes that business organizations cannot achieve their objectives without using computers. Basing on this background, there is a ready market for computer products. On this note, it is advisable to invest in this sector, and to do this, an entrepreneur must have a business plan. A plan will help in raising funds for the business enterprise, and therefore set directions for the business. For instance, this plan identifies t he computer services and products my business intends to offer, and the location of the business establishment. It identifies the scope of the business operations, and the managerial personnel. It also identifies the marketing strategies of the business establishment, its growth plan, and the expected sales revenues. It also identifies the capital required and whether there is a need for an investor. Products and Services offered: The computer products for sale are all computers hardware and software. This includes hardware components such as central processing units (CPUs), tfts, monitors, and a computer key board. The business also sells products such as Kasperskyââ¬â¢s; an anti-virus. The business concerns itself with the repair of broken computer parts, and the designing of websites for companies, and individual people. A central processing unit is a computer hardware whose main function is to carry the instructions of a computer program through logical and arithmetic operati ons of a computer system (Murthy, 34). It is a core requirement for a computer system to be complete. On this note there, these hardwareââ¬â¢s will form a majority of the computer products that my organization will sell. Other products are the TFTS, the monitors, and the computer keyboards. My organization can also assemble these parts for purposes of producing a complete computer system. But this service will only depend on the requirements of the customer. Computer systems are also under attack from viruses, and other computer malwares. On this basis therefore, a computer system needs to have softwareââ¬â¢s that protects it from such kind of attacks. Basing on this need, my organization will seek to sell anti-virus and anti-malwares software such as Kaspersky. Kaspersky is effective in protecting computer systems from malware and virus attack (Murthy, 27). Basing on this notion, Kasperskyââ¬â¢s is a much sought after computer software, and it will prove to be profitable i f we trade in it. The business establishment will also have a repair unit, composed of highly trained individuals on all manner computer maintenance and repairs (Perryer, 28). I believe this service is essential considering the nature of our business. For example, a customer might buy a product from us, and it becomes defective. The proper way is to repair the product, instead of returning back his or her cash. The business will also concern itself with the designing of websites, for individuals and corporate organizations. In the current
Friday, January 24, 2020
The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs by A. Wolf Essay -- Childrens Lite
The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs by A. Wolf Have you ever wondered what the wolf's side of The Three Little Pigs story was? Well, Jon Scieszka gives his readers the opportunity to see a different perspective dealing with this very circumstance. In many of his books, including The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs by A. Wolf, Scieszka has used this style of writing that varies from the norm. Every turn of the page gives rise to new wonder and suspense as to what the reader will encounter as he or she moves through the pages of this intriguing book. Many of us grew up hearing fairy tales and nursery rhymes and most of us accepted them the way that they were. However, Jon Scieszka likes to take his readers on "adventures" through the "other side." He twists well-known stories around just enough to challenge the view that we have had for so long, yet not so much that we are unable to realize what story he is "imitating" or "mocking." The story of the three little pigs traditionally makes the wolf out to be bad and ends with the third little pig triumphing over the huffing, puff... The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs by A. Wolf Essay -- Childrens Lite The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs by A. Wolf Have you ever wondered what the wolf's side of The Three Little Pigs story was? Well, Jon Scieszka gives his readers the opportunity to see a different perspective dealing with this very circumstance. In many of his books, including The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs by A. Wolf, Scieszka has used this style of writing that varies from the norm. Every turn of the page gives rise to new wonder and suspense as to what the reader will encounter as he or she moves through the pages of this intriguing book. Many of us grew up hearing fairy tales and nursery rhymes and most of us accepted them the way that they were. However, Jon Scieszka likes to take his readers on "adventures" through the "other side." He twists well-known stories around just enough to challenge the view that we have had for so long, yet not so much that we are unable to realize what story he is "imitating" or "mocking." The story of the three little pigs traditionally makes the wolf out to be bad and ends with the third little pig triumphing over the huffing, puff...
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Book Review ââ¬ÅFamily to Familyââ¬Â Essay
Abstract Family to Family is a book written by the author Dr. Jerry Pipes and Victor Lee. Dr. Pipes is a leader with the North American Mission Board. He travels around the world speaking to audiences through various conferences and workshops, training and equipping many in how to change lives for Christ. He is an accomplished author, husband and father. Victor Lee is from Knoxville, Tennessee. He attends the First Baptist Concord Church, where he serves as the Young Adults Minister. For over twenty-two years he has become an accomplished author of several books, and an editor of a variety of Christian publications. He acts as a Sports Evangelism Consultant for the North American Mission Board. Victor Lee is an accomplished, author, husband and father. The book starts out by stating very clearly that, ââ¬Å"This book was written for families who desire to have meaningful family time, true significance and desire to pass on the legacy of their faith in Christ on to their children.â⬠1 Thi s book by Pipes and Lee was written to help the family with tools and resources to find their God given purpose. It is designed to inspire parents to grow Christ centered families through a relationship with Jesus Christ. Throughout the first few chapters Pipes and Lee provide the readers with engaging questions, and activities to transform and grow the family. The author help parent to find and understand their mission given by God as parents. Through the use of scriptures and many great stories the authors help to foster changes within the lives of todayââ¬â¢s busy families. Pipe and Lee demonstrate through this book that as Christian parent, their mission and their responsibility is to witness or disciple to their children to Jesus Christ and to teach or demonstrate for them how to live out a Christ centered lifestyle. The authors concluding chapters teach the readers about ministry evangelism through witnessing to their neighbors, community and friends. ââ¬Å"Healthy families spend quantity and quality time around Godââ¬â¢s purposes. If we truly want to our children to except the gospel, then our commitment to Christ should spill over to those around us who do not know Christ.â⬠2 The authors point out that we as parent have o be willing to intentionally share the gospel with others. Piper and Lee conclude the book with stressing the importance of daily prayer in our lives in our quest to follow Christ. Concrete Response This book reminded me of how my parents have and continued to walk talk and demonstrate Jesus Christ in my life. Just as it is stated in the Bible in the book of Joshua 24:15, ââ¬Å"as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.â⬠3 My mother made it a mission to have us learn about Jesus Christ. She may not have called it a mission by title but, it was important for her and my father to equip us as their children and a Saints of God. This was their goal. At a point in my life when I wanted to except Christ I and remember my mother sitting down with me just as the author outlines in chapter three: Passing the Baton. She asked me some specific questions to be reassured that I was ready to except Christ for myself. I can remember her talking about how God loves me so much, and Jesus Godââ¬â¢s son, who He was and how Jesus died for me. Yet as I cried from hearing about Jesus dying on the cross for me and everyone else she and my father comforted me. The best part of her story to me was that the story didnââ¬â¢t end when He died, and as I lit up again, she shared how Jesus Christ rose again on the third day. I can remember desperately wanting to make sure I carried Jesus with me in my heart daily. I can only imagine the joy my parents felt for me that day. This same process was done with each of my siblings as we accepted Christ. Our family intentionally devoted time to spend with Jesus Christ. We prayed together, shared our testimonies with each other and others. We shared our trials and our praise reports. As our parents went out witnessing, we went along, learned and participated as well. We were taught to pray for others and for the lost. My husband and I have incorporated these same principles in our household. I too know and have felt that same joy my parents felt with each of our six children. Pipes and Lee said it best, ââ¬Å"That is what this book is about: raising your family to follow Christ.â⬠4 This is what the Word of God tells us as believers as well, ââ¬Å"Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.â⬠5 Reflection Although I truly enjoyed reading Family to Family by authors Pipes and Lee, I find that this book was really focused on those parents who already know and have a relationship with Jesus Christ and want or need to build a betterà Christ centered family life. In reading this book I feel that today, there are so many non-believers who could benefit from the teaching principles in this book. We are all so busy these days. We are like ships passing in the wind, always coming and going. We as parents have to be willing to stop and stand for something within our families. Otherwise what are we really passing on to our children and their children? We must be mission driven within our families just as we are in the business world. The authors Pipes and Lee do a great job in pointing this fact out. I would have liked to see more information to help the reader the parent and future parents to understand the why this is important. The authors might have used more relevant or popular facts pertaining to society today. They could have used statistical examples of grandparents raising their grandchildren. More importantly, I would have like to see more information at the beginning of the book to ensure that the parents understand their relationship with Christ and the direct affect in relation to their children. After all this is where this process begins. As a parent my relationship and my walk with Christ must be in tact in order to lead my children and others to Christ. This book is clearly written for those who desire to pass on the legacy of Christianity in their family. Action I see this book as a great workbook for our church families. After concluding my reading of this book, I decided to meet with my Pastor again. We had discussed in our last session incorporating intentional evangelism as part of our new membership class. We decided to not only share the book but actually take our new families through the process of understanding God plan for the family. First we explained Godââ¬â¢s plan for parents through reading and studying of scripture. We used Proverbs 22:6 as a basis for this class, ââ¬Å"Train up a child in the way he should go, And when he is old he will not depart from it.â⬠6 The authors remind us that, ââ¬Å"We are to structure our families in a healthy fashionââ¬âa fashion prescribed by Godââ¬âand applying its proper significanceââ¬âthe significance applied to it by God.â⬠7 This would help each family do an examination of their family. Second, after determining or defining where each family sees themselves, we wou ld start by teaching what a healthy family is according to Godââ¬â¢s word, found in Deuteronomy chapter six. The family is a social unit of our society,à charged with the purpose of carrying Godââ¬â¢s word and His message of love for one another. We would have some discussion over some key questions that should cause each member to reflect on their situation: 1) Do we spend quality time together? 2) Are we committed to each other as well as te whole family? 3) Does the mom and dad share in the involvement and raising of the children? 4) Does each family member understand their significance in Christ? 5) Are the parents actively working the gospel to share the gospel with the children? 6) Is the healthy time spent together centered on Godââ¬â¢s purposes? These questions will help to assess where a family currently resides in relation to being a healthy family. Third, would be to do a family application study. Here the class would have each of the family members write down all of their activities for a week. Then, allow the parents and the children to analyze the number of activities that they do as a family and try to eliminate at least one activity that is done individually from each family memberââ¬â¢s list. As extra t ime becomes available find another family activity to be done together. Fourth, we would have the families develop a mission statement to include things like; who the family is and what they stand for. Each mission statement should include the familyââ¬â¢s purpose, their goals, and their mission in life as a family according to Godââ¬â¢s word. We would stress the importance of every member of the family supporting this family mission. The next step would be to equip the parents to share the gospel with their children. Teaching the parents to evangelize at home first is an assured start to build a comfort level for evangelizing to others. We all desire for our loved one to be saved. Parents would be taught to ask the specific questions to ensure their children are ready to accept Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. The Sixth study for the class would be to share how parents can mentor their children. Mentoring is key to building spiritual maturity in our children. They would study different types of mentoring they should perform; i.e. modeling, being accessible, provide affirmation of their childrenââ¬â¢s awards and accomplishments, pray with children as well as pray for them, being transparent, empowering children, and making Godââ¬â¢s word the center to all that is done. The family will then do an activity together of making bracelets. The bracelets can be a reflection of their love for God and can also be a means of evangelizing to others as they see the bracelets and askà about them. Lastly, this class would engage the family to be a part of the churches out reach/evangelism ministry, where they go out two Saturdays of the month as a family and church family and meet the needs of other and evangelism to those who are lost. The parents could allow the children to pray and witness to others with them. What better way to leave a legacy than by teaching, mentoring, encouraging and praying for our families as well as the families of others. What this will accomplish is creating an avenue for our church families to find true significance in our lives and the lives of our children. Bibliography 1. Fay, William. Share Jesus Without Fear. Nashville, TN: B and H Publishing Group, 1999 2. The Holy Bible, New International Version, Copyright ââ¬â 2011
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Timeline of Battles and Treaties in Peloponnesian War
Theyd fought cooperatively against the Persian enemy during the prolonged Persian Wars, but afterward, relations, strained even then, fell further apart. Greek against Greek, the Peloponnesian War wore both sides down leading to a state where the leader of Macedonia and his sons, Philip and Alexander, could take control. The Peloponnesian War was fought between two groups of Greek allies. One was the Peloponnesian League, which had Sparta as its leader. The other leader was Athens, which controlled The Delian League. Before the Peloponnesian War (All dates in the 5th Century B.C.) 477 Aristides forms Delian League. 451 Athens and Sparta sign five-year treaty. 449 Persia and Athens sign peace treaty. 446 Athens and Sparta sign 30 years peace treaty. 432 Revolt of Potidaea. 1st Stage of the Peloponnesian War (Archidamian War) From 431-421 Athens (under Pericles and then Nicias) successful until 424. Athens makes little forays on the Peloponnese by sea and Sparta destroys areas in the countryside of Attica. Athens makes a disastrous expedition into Boeotia. They try to recover Amphipolis (422), unsuccessfully. Athens fears more of her allies would desert, so she signs a treaty (Peace of Nicias) that allows her to keep her face, basically setting things back to how they were before the war except for Plataea and Thracian towns. 431 Peloponnesian War begins. Siege of Potidaea. Plague in Athens. 429 Pericles dies. Siege of Plataea (-427) 428 Revolt of Mitylene. 427 Athenian Expedition to Sicily. [See map of Sicily and Sardinia.] 421 Peace of Nicias. 2nd Stage of the Peloponnesian War From 421-413 Corinth forms coalitions against Athens. Alcibiades stirs up trouble and is exiled. Betrays Athens to Sparta. Both sides seek the alliance of Argos but after the Battle of Mantinea, where Argos loses most of her military, Argos no longer matters, although she becomes an Athenia Ally. 415-413Ã - Athenian expedition to Syracuse. Sicily. 3rd Stage of the Peloponnesian War From 413-404 (Decelean War or Ionian War) Under the advice of Alcibiades, Sparta invades Attica, occupying the town of Decelea near Athens [source: Jona Lendering]. Athens continues to send ships and men to Sicily even though it is disastrous. Athens, which had started the war with the advantage in naval battle, loses his advantage to the Corinthians and Syracusans. Sparta then used Persian gold from Cyrus to build her fleet, stirs up trouble with Athenian allies in Ionia, and destroys the Athenian fleet at the Battle of Aegosotami. The Spartans are led by Lysander. 404 - Athens surrenders. Peloponnesian War Ends Athens loses its democratic government. Control is put into the Board of 30. Spartas subject allies have to pay 1000 talents annually. Thirty Tyrants rule Athens.
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